Abstarct: One of the limiting factors of planting olive tree (Olea europaea L.) in temperate and cold regions is sensitivity to low temperatures in winter. In recent years, due to increasing demand for olive oil and fruit, olive tree planting has expanded in Iran. Different olive cultivars have different reactions to cold and therefore selecting resistant cultivars is the most effective way to avoid cold damage. In this study, the resistance to cold of 10 olive cultivars (Mishn, Rashid, Shengeh, Abu Satl, Manzanilla, Kavi, Darsalani, Zard, Roghani and Luk) was evaluted after natural frost in field and under controlled temperature conditions at library. Field evaluation after the onset of severe cold (temperature -10 ° C) in December 2016, 24 trees from each of the 10 cultivars in the garden section of Astan Quds Lasjerd farm were adapted as a randomized block design with 3 replications. The evaluation under controlled temperature conditions was performed in a factorial experiment baxsed on a completely randomized design. Factors include 10 olive cultivars, three growth seasons according before rest, rest time and after rest corresponding to December, February and March and eight cold treatments 0, -3, -6, -9, -12, -15, -18 And was -21. In this study, trees were scored and classified baxsed on the amount of damage (the amount of damage to the trunk and regrowth). The field results showed that Roghani cultivar with the least amount of damage to the trunk and the high regrowth, is engaged as the most resistant cultivar among the cultivars. Also, in the evaluation method at controlled temperature, it was found that Roghani cultivar was the most tolerant in February and Abu Satal cultivar was the most sensitive to freezing stress in December. There was a significant correlation between leaf proline and stem proline and leaf and stem carbohydrates. Zard cultivar in February have highest leaf and stem proline. Also, the yellow cultivar in February harvest had the most carbohydrates of stems and leaves. The Roghani cultivar have to the highest fruit number and yield in five year after severe cold 2016 among 10 olive cultivars.