Abstarct: Nowadays, research has been done on the foliar application of elements, especially silicon, calcium and potassium, to alleviate adverse environmental effects such as cereal worms and improve their growth and development. Plant dormancy is one of the important factors in yield reduction in cereals and it is hoped that these elements will decrease plant dormancy and increase yield in cereals .Therefore, an experiment was carried out to study the effect of foliar application of different concentrations of sodium silicate, calcium chloride and potassium sulfate on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of barley at Shahroud University of Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, in1396-1397. Treatments included foliar application of silicon from sodium silicate at three levels (zero, 150 and 300 mg / l), calcium from calcium chloride at three levels (0, 6 and 12 mM) and potassium from source Potassium sulfate was at two levels (zero and 20 mg / l). A factorial baxsed on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Foliar application was performed at the desired concentrations before flowering. The results showed that the increase in barley grain yield obtained from the simultaneous application of sodium silicate 150 mg / l with 6 mM calcium chloride was significant and equivalent to 65% compared to the control. Foliar application of sodium silicate and calcium chloride also improved traits such as stem diameter, total chlorophyll, calcium content per stem, grain protein percentage and stem shear resistance. Interaction of sodium silicate 150 and 300 mg / l and potassium sulfate 20 mg / l also had positive effects on some agronomic and physiological traits such as spike dry weight, stem diameter, grain yield, leaf carotenoid and anthocyanin content, amount Silicon had grain protein percentage and flexural strength of stem. This treatment increased shoot flexural strength by 65% on average and barley grain protein by 85%. Foliar application of sodium silicate, calcium chloride and potassium sulfate improved most agronomic and physiological traits. Sodium silicate treatment with 300 mg / L, 12 mM calcium chloride in the presence and absence of potassium sulfate increased many important traits such as number of grains per spike, total chlorophyll, leaf soluble sugar, shoot calcium content, grain protein percentage. And flexural strength of the stem. As a result of this treatment, the amount of stem calcium increased from 3.5 mmol / l in control plants to 7.40 mmol / l. Barley protein percentage also improved dramatically (230%). In general, in the experimental range, 300 mg / l sodium silicate and 12 mM calcium chloride had a greater effect on the studied traits.