Abstarct: In recent decades, application of chemical inputs in agricultural lands has caused the environmental problems including pollution of water resources, loss of quality of agricultural products and decrease in soil fertility. On the other hand, the water shortage is prevailed across the world. These factors highlight the necessity of studying their interactions. A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran on May 14th, 2009 to study the interactive effects of vermicompost and drought on chickpea CV Bivanij. Split plot arrangement of 4 vermicompost amounts [0 (control), 3, 6 and 9 ton ha-1] and 5 drought stress durations [full irrigation (control), stress (no irrigation) from 10 leaves stage, flowering, pod initiation and grain filling to maturity] were the treatments. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications per treatment. The results indicated that the interactive effects of factors on grain yield, biological yield and some yield components such as number of branches per plant, number of filled (fertilized) pods per plant and number of seeds per plant were significant. The positive effect of vermicompost on grain yield was significant at stress conditions occurring on grain filling to maturity period. The highest increase in grain yield was obtained by application of 9 ton ha-1 vermicompost. Actually, this level of vermicompost application could relief the decreasing effect of low-intensity drought stress on grain yield; so that the yield of plants treated with combination of 9 ton ha-1 vermicompost and water shortage during grain filling-maturity period tended to be statistically similar to that of control. It was found about 31, 51 and 106% increased grain yield by application of 3, 6 and 9 ton ha-1 vermicompost, respectively, for plants that were stressed during grain filling to maturity period. The yield gain for non stressed plants was 29, 36 and 45%, respectively.