Abstarct: One of the fundamental challenges faced by coal washing plants in Iran, including Alborz Sharghi Coal Company, is the high content of fine particles (below 37 microns) in the flotation feed. Due to their high specific surface area, elevated ash content, and unstable behavior in flotation froth, these particles lead to reduced combustible recovery, increased chemical consumption, and lower concentrate quality. On the other hand, the targeted removal of these fine particles can not only reduce environmental pollution and operational costs but also improve process performance and increase the thermal efficiency of the fuel. Accordingly, the present study was conducted with a laboratory-baxsed and analytical–comparative approach. Samples were collected from the feed coal of Alborz Sharghi Coal Preparation Plant. In the first stage, three preliminary flotation tests were carried out to compare raw feed and feed without fines in order to evaluate the effect of fine particle removal on recovery and ash content. Subsequently, two analytical methods—tree analysis and liberation analysis—were employed to assess separation trends, cleaning pathways, and concentrate quality at different stages. The quantitative results of the study indicated that the removal of particles below 37 microns led to an average 30% reduction in concentrate ash. Furthermore, the proportion of combustible organic matter in the coal, which contributes to coal’s calorific value, was on average 10–15% better preserved after fine particle removal. For instance, in one of the tests, concentrate recovery increased from 87.41% to 89.27%, while concentrate ash decreased from 20% to 17.6%. Tree analysis of the Takht mine sample revealed that fine particle removal led to a 13% reduction in ash in C concentrate (by 2.7 units), an 18% reduction in CC concentrate (by 3.7 units), and a 9.5% reduction in CCC concentrate (by 1.4 units). In the tree analysis of the Klariz-Madar mine sample, fine particle removal resulted in a 20.7% reduction in ash in C concentrate (by 5.5 units), a 9.3% reduction in CC concentrate (by 1.2 units), and a 32.5% reduction in CCC concentrate (by 6.8 units). Liberation analysis of the Takht mine sample indicated that ash decreased by 3 units at stage A4 following fine particle removal. In the liberation analysis of the Klariz-Madar mine sample, fine particle removal caused a 4.4-unit decrease in ash at stage B4.