Abstarct: Abstract The present work investigates thermomechanical buckling of single-laxyer and sandwich porous functionally graded plates with central cut-out under uniform and non-uniform loads. The thermal and mechanical properties of the plate change continuously along the thickness. Also, the strain-displacement relationships were obtained baxsed on the first-order shear deformation theory. The critical thermal and mechanical buckling loads were calculated with the principle of minimum potential energy using the finite element method with the 9-node rectangular element (c1). In order to make the analysis more comprehensive, various boundary conditions have been used to present the results. The effect of different parameters, including plate thickness, material properties distribution, porosity, different boundary conditions, size of cut-out, and type of loading, were investigated.