TJ235 : Forced Convection Heat Transfer of Nanofluid in Saturated Porous Media
Thesis > Central Library of Shahrood University > Mechanical Engineering > PhD > 2013
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Abstarct: In this study the forced convection heat transfer of nanofluid in occupaid porous media is investigated numerically and experimentally. In numerical study: The fully-developed flow and steady Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer/ Darcy-Brinkman equation is employed in porous channel. The local thermal equilibrium model (LTE) and local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) models are assumed between nanofluid and solid phases. It is assumed that the nanoparticles are distributed non-uniformly inside the channel. As a result the volume fraction distribution equation is also coupled with governing equations. The results obtained by single phase and two phase model (Boungiorno model) are compared and discussed. The effects of parameters such as Lewis number, Schmidt number, Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis on the heat transfer are completely studied. The results show that the local Nusselt number is decreased when the Lewis number is increased. It is observed that as the Schmidt number is increased, the wall temperature gradient is decreased and as a consequence the local Nusselt number is decreased. The effects of Lewis number, Schmidt number and modified diffusivity ratio on the volume fraction distribution are also studied and discussed. In LTNE condition, the present work includes three-equation energy model, for fluid/particle/solid phases, in the porous channel. In constant temprature condition, four different heat flux models are proposed and compared together. As a result, the volume fraction distribution equation is also coupled with other governing equations. The effects of Nield number and modified thermal capacity ratio on the heat transfer are completely studied. The results show the fluid mean temperature is decreased by increasing the Nield number. On the other hand, the solid and nanoparticle temperature haven’t significant change with various Nield numbers. Another indication pertains to the temperature gradient at the wall and the volume fraction of particles at the channel center which found to exhibit an important role in the heat flux absorbed by fluid phase. By increasing Nield number, the fluid temperature gradient at wall is increased, therefore, at the wall region the thermophoresis diffusion is augmented and the particles migrate from the vicinity of the wall to the channel center. One of the challenging points in the simulation of nanofluid flowing through porous media is modeling the surface heat flux in the presence of nanoparticles and internal solid matrix. The question is that how much energy is absorbed by solid phase, fluid phase and particles at the surface of imposing heat flux? To reach a suitable answer, local thermal non-equilibrium approach (including three energy equations) is presented in this work and three heat flux models are proposed for the first time. The effects of particle volume fraction on heat transfer and pressure drop are also investigated experimentally. The numerical solution is used for investigation of heat transfer of nanofluid in pipe occupied by porous media and the proposed total heat fluxes obtained by numerical study are compared with experimental results. The results show the heat flux obtained by model 1 has nearest value to experimental data.
Keywords:
#Nusselt number #Particle migration #Brownian motion #Thermophoresis effect #LTE and LTNE.
Keeping place: Central Library of Shahrood University
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Keeping place: Central Library of Shahrood University
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