Abstarct: The dynamics of liquid drop impact on solid surfaces play a key role in various industrial and natural processes such as cooling, combustion, coating, and deposition control. The complexity of this phenomenon arises from the interplay between the rheological properties of the fluid, the surface characteristics, and the impact conditions. The present study experimentally investigates the behavior of Newtonian and viscoelastic droplets impacting mextallic spherical surfaces with different roughness levels. In the experiments, glycerin–water solutions were used as Newtonian fluids and polyacrylamide solutions as viscoelastic fluids. Droplets were released onto mextallic spheres with diameters of 11, 18, and 25 mm and surface roughness values of 0.31, 0.77, 1.87, and 14.7 μm. The impact events were recorded using a high-speed camera, and the images were analyzed by image processing. The effects of the diameter ratio (D*) , impact velocity (3.1 and 4.1 m/s), surface roughness, and fluid rheology on the normalized maximum spreading diameter (βmax ) , the time to reach it, and the rebound behavior of droplets were examined. The results indicated that increasing D* reduces both spreading and rebound. Higher impact velocity enhanced the initial spreading and decreased the time to reach βmax. Increasing surface roughness led to stronger contact line pinning and limited rebound. Furthermore, viscoelastic droplets exhibited different rebound dynamics compared to Newtonian droplets due to their rheological nature. These findings highlight that accurate prediction of droplet behavior on spherical surfaces requires simultaneous consideration of fluid properties, surface geometry, and impact conditions. The outcomes of this study can be applied to the design of engineered surfaces and the optimization of industrial processes such as cooling, combustion, and coating.