Abstarct: Using ecological methods is necessary for a sustainable ahricultural system to reduce environmental risks. The study was in order to compare agricultural waste compost and urea fertilizer in some traits of safflower in a field trial. The experiment was a factorial baxsed on complete randomized block design with 3 replications. The first factor was compost at three levels (0, 1125 and 2250 kg/ha), the second factor was urea fertilizer at three levels (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha) and the third factor was two safflower cultivars (Goldasht and Faraman). The ANOVA results showed that compost increased leaf, head, root and total dry weight, also increased the height of the first branch, LAI, yield and yield component, biological yield, chlorophyll and carotenoeid concentration, seed oil, protein and iron. The highest level of 1000 kernel weight (62.905 g) was obtained with using 1125 kg/ha compost. Application of 2250 kg/ha compost increased LAI, which is important in plant growth and yield. The effects of N application was significantly increased TDW, LAI, head number, biological yield, a and b chlorophyll and seed protein. The highest level of seed protein was found with application of 100 kg/ha of N fertilizer. Between the cultivars, Faraman produced higher head diameter, seed nitrogen and protein, b chlorophyll and lateral branches, which the late may be important in yield. Faraman had higher heads (26.05 per plant), fertile head and 1000 kernel weight compared with Goldasht. The highest level of seed protein (29.36%) was found with application of 2250 kg/ha compost and 100 kg/ha N fertilizer. It seems that using organic compound such as compost is necessary in safflower production regarding to sustainable agriculture. It is speculated that using organic fertilizer will increase yield of safflower and decrease the risk of chemical fertilizer, also is important in development of physis-chemical properties of soils