Abstarct: Abstract Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) is an important edible mushroom that has been cultivated for thousands of years in East Asia and is widely used as a food and medicinal ingredient worldwide. Modern phytochemical studies have shown that shiitake is very rich in bioactive polysaccharides, especially β-glucans. During the last two decades, isolation, investigation of chemical and physical properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides from fruiting bodies, mycelium, and shiitake culture medium have attracted much attention from researchers worldwide. Shiitake polysaccharides have been shown to have significant biological activity, including antioxidant, antitumor, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral, and hepatoprotective effects. Therefore, in this study, the optimization of Lentinula edodes polysaccharide production was done through Plackett-Burman designs and response surface method, and then the functional emulsifying properties and antitumor effects of modified polysaccharides were investigated.