Abstarct: This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of conservation agriculture methods compared with conventional cultivation method on density and biomass of weeds, physiological and agronomical properties and also soil physicochemical properties under rotation of maize and wheat at Mashhad agricultural and Natural Resources Research center of Razavi Khorasan province in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. This experiment was arranged in a split plot baxsed on randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental treatments consisted of main plots included tillage systems: 1) conventional tillage (tillage, disk, leveler, planting), 2) reduced tillage (chisel ploughs and planting) and 3) no tillage (direct planting); subplots were residue management: 1) 0%, 2) 30% and 3) 60% residue. In this research traits of density, dry weight, fresh weight and species of weeds and traits of leaf number per plant of corn, leaf area of corn ear, height of corn plant, diameter of corn stem, at ear of corn height and traits of relative water content (RWC), the difference between canopy temperature and air temperature (∆t), SPAD value, flag leaf area (FLA), leaf water potential (ΨW) and radiation interception (RI), length of stem, length of spike, length of peduncle, length, weight and area of flag leaf, dry matter transferred from the stem, partitioning assimilates to spike, present of assimilates participation storage before anthesis in seed filling, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, relative growth rate in wheat and also to soil physicochemical properties, mycorrhizal colonization(spore), soil temperature, water-holding capacity of the soil, porosity, resistance to soil permeability were measured. The results showed that tillage systems and residue management had significant effect on density and dry weight of annual and perennial weeds. Annual weed density significantly decreased but permanent weed density of increased under no-till treatment. The highest permanent weed dry weight were obtained under no-till treatment. Increase in residue significantly decreased density and dry weight of annual and perennial weeds. It is concluded that no till treatment with more residue aboveground could decreased whole density of weeds. The results showed that tillage systems had significant effect on relative water content (RWC), the difference between canopy temperature and air temperature (∆t), SPAD reading, flag leaf area (FLA), leaf water potential (ΨW) and radiation interception (RI) in wheat. The highest the values of mentioned traits were obtained from no-tillage method. In residue management with increase amount of residue, relative water content, the difference between canopy temperature and air temperature, radiation interception increased but residue management had no significant effect on SPAD reading, flag leaf area (FLA), leaf water potential in wheat. The results showed that tillage systems had significant effect on mycorrhizal colonization(spore), soil temperature, water-holding capacity of the soil and porosity. The highest mycorrhizal colonization(spore),Water-holding capacity of the soil and porosity were obtained from no-till treatment. In residue management. The highest mycorrhizal colonization (spore), water-holding capacity of the soil and porosity were obtained from more residue treatment but soil temperature and resistance to soil penetration decreased. In the first year tillage systems had no significant effect on yields of corn but in the second year the highest grain yields of wheat were obtained under no-till and 60% residue treatment and in both years, with the increase in residue, crop yield increased.