S109 : Investigation on the Effects of Wastwater of Shirvan Sugar Industry on Some Soil Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Water Resources Quality of the Area
Thesis > Central Library of Shahrood University > Agricultural Engineering > MSc > 2009
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Abstarct: Shirvan is located at Northern Khorasan province, north east of Iran and it is part of the Shirvan-Ghochan wide plain in Atrak aquifer. The climate is semiarid to temperate with annual temperature and average rainfall of 9.95 degree of centigrade and 247 mm, respectively. Shirvan sugar industry is located at 13 Kilometers far from Shirvan town in the west. Slope side of the area was recognized to upstream and downstream using underground water resources data as well as topographic maps. Wastewater of the factory was sampled twice in accordance the period of high production activity. Wastewater samples were taken from three resources, the first and third lagoons and also discharge point to the field. After analyzing some pollution indexes including BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, EC and pH, the concentrations of all chemical elements were measured using ICP spectroscopy. Twenty soil samples were also collected in regard to uniform distribution in the area. Eleven soil samples were affected by wastewater flow and carbonate mud in downstream and 9 samples belong to the upstream. Some physical and chemical soil properties were also measured using standard frequently used methods. Water samples were collected from 11 wells (4 wells around the factory in downstream and 7 wells in the upstream area) and some of their qualitative parameters were also determined using standard frequently used methods and evaluation of groundwater for industrial, domestic and irrigation uses was then executed. Water quality indexes and graphs were also investigated using different software. The nearest surface water resources to the sugar factory, Atrak river, was also sampled in two station and pollution indexes evaluated with comparison between the data values recorded during three continuous years, with focus on the time which wastewater was discharged into the river. To investigate the accumulation of some elements in crops, two fields which were irrigated by wastewater during two past years, were selected for sampling and five plant samples were collected from 10 random points across the field and were analyzed using ICP. The distribution of physical and chemical parameters and concentrations of elements in the area were discussed statistically. The results showed that the factory has alkaline wastewater and pollution indexes in samples were shown values more than allowed limited of environmental protection standards. The results also showed low water quality in all wells located in downstream area compared to upstream. High level of salinity and high concentrations of major ions in these wells suggested that the factory caused degradation of water quality. Two wells nearby the factory with electrical conductivity more 10000 µS/cm and total dissolved solid more than 3000 mg/l were not suitable for any utilization at all. In overall more than 72 percent of wells were classified in C3 for agricultural use. Discharging wastewater into the river was caused the increase of 2000 µS/cm in EC, 400 mg/l in TDS and 2 units in pH. Also, the amount of dissolved oxygen was decreased to half in downstream compared to upstream station. Furthermore salinity as well as carbonate in the soil of downstream area decreased the micro nutrients availability to crops. The results also showed that there was no obvious soil pollution by trace elements however the concentrations of some elements were higher than natural limits in surface soil and crops which could be due to the extensive application of pesticides and fertilizers in the area. The average concentrations of Pb were also found to be greater in the plant samples which are expected to be due to their locations that were close to the main road
Keywords:
#Shirvan #Sugar industry #Wastewater #Water quality #Soil pollution
Keeping place: Central Library of Shahrood University
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Keeping place: Central Library of Shahrood University
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