Abstarct: In this study, the concentration of major and trace elements in the dust of urban environments of Sistan plain has been investigated. For this purpose, eleven outdoor samples, four indoor samples, and one representative sediment sample from Hamoon wetland were collected. Physicao-chemical properties of the samples (including pH and carbonate content) were measured using standard methods. Particle mineralogy was studied using X-ray diffraction technique, scanning electron microscopy and EDX spectra. The concentrations of the major and trace elements were measured by the ICP-OES device after digestion of the samples by aqua regia. The intensity of the contamination was evaluated using geochemical indices. The health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements was conducted using the USEPA protocol. The obtained results show that the concentrations of lead, nickel, chromium, zinc and copper are higher than their values in upper continentral crust, world soil average, and the representative sediment sample of Hamoon wetland. The results of correlation and cluster analyses indicate the classification of elements baxsed on their geochemical behavior as well as their different origins. baxsed on these results, the origin of chromium, nickel, lead, copper and zinc is human activity. On the basis of enrichment factor values the indoor samples are more polluted than outdoor ones. Average values of enrichment factor indicate that the outdoor samples are not polluted with respect to lead. However, the indoor samples are moderately polluted with respect to this element. Calculation of the contamination factor index shows that the samples are not polluted to aluminum, iron, scandium, titanium, strontium, cobalt, antimony, manganese and molybdenum; whereas they are moderately polluted to lead, arsenic, chromium, cadmium and copper, and significantly polluted to nickel and zinc. The contamination degree index of all samples is higher than zero. The results of health risk assessment show that there are no carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and EDX spectra show that most of the particles are composed of calcite and quartz. The scanning electron microscope images and the EDX spectra confirm the presence of some heavy mextals such as copper and iron as adsorbed particles on the surface of minerals. Regarding the high volume of dust particles produced in the area as well as the high concentration of potentially toxic elements in the studied samples, management strategies is necessary to reduce the hazardous effects of atmospheric dust on residents' health.