QE365 : Evaluating the hydrogeological karstic springs kalaleh area, province Golestan
Thesis > Central Library of Shahrood University > Geosciences > MSc > 2017
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Abstarct: Kelale mountainous region is located in the east of the Golestan province. There are several karstic springs such as Zav, Aghsoo, Yal-cheshme in the region due to the existing karstic limestone and relatively high average precipitation value. In this research, development of the karstic formations and also catchment area of the four major karstic springs has been investigated baxsed on the geology, hydrogeology and hydrochemical factors. The springs are mainly discharged from Lar, Tirgan, and Mozduran karstic formations and Sarcheshmeh formation. The two adjacent Lar and Tirgan karstic formations have the potential to form the catchment area of Zav spring. Different karst features such as closed depression, sinkhole, joint and fractures were observed in the Lar formation during field investigation which led us to conclude that Zav spring is recharged form Lar karstic formation. The regimes of flow in all springs are mainly conduit and diffuse flow. The three segments of recession curves in the Zav and upper Yal-cheshme indicate that these springs are recharging from a developed karstic aquifer; while the recession curve of the Aghsoo and lower Yal-cheshme have one recession coefficient, that can be attributed to the less development of karstic formation in the catchments area. All the springs have the same origin and mainly have Ca-HCO3 water type. Cation exchange process also affects the hadrochemical characteristic of the springs. All springs are super-saturated with calcite and dolomite and under-saturated with gypsum and halite. The most important factors that influence the annual recharge to the catchments area were evaluated. Afterwards, the information laxyers were prepared in the GIS software. These parameters include lithology, slope, dip direction, fracture density, karstic features, precipitation, drainage density and vegetation covers. After preparing the information laxyers, a value is given to each of these laxyers, being proportional to their effect on the amount of annual recharge. The different prepared laxyers were overlapped using GIS software, and finally, the mean annual recharge to the catchment area of Zav, Agsou and Yel-Cheshmeh karstic springs was determined as 44%, 41% and 39%, respectively. In another part of the study, the determined primary catchment area by geological method was reconfirmed with hydrogeological budged method, and the results were acceptable .
Keywords:
#Karstic springs #Recession curve #Karst development #Catchment area #Golestan Province
Keeping place: Central Library of Shahrood University
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Keeping place: Central Library of Shahrood University
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