Abstarct: Zanjanrood River is one of the most important rivers in Zanjan province. The study area is part of Zanjanrood (approximately 45 km) which located between the two branches, Zaker and Sahran, east and west of Zanjan city respectively. The present study dealt with the evaluation of water and sediment quality and the concentration of heavy mextals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, and Sr) in the river. Water and sediment samples were collected from 25 stations along the Zanjanrood River. Physicochemical parameters were determined and concentration of heavy mextal content of water and sediment samples were measured by using ICP-OES techniques. The tests showed that the pH for all water and sediment samples were alkaline with no remarkable variation. Ion concentrations in water samples were below the standard limit for drinking water (WHO, 2011). Stiff and Piper diagrams showed that the type and face of water samples were, chloride calcic (15%), calcic carbonate (75%) and calcic sulphate (10%). Classes of 60%, 35%, and 5% of the water samples were very hard, hard, and relatively hard respectively. Scholler & Wilcox diagrams showed that water quality in the study area for drinking was good and acceptable and for agriculture and irrigation purposes was suitable. Except for lead, which in all samples of water was above the limits set by WHO for drinking water (WHO, 2011), Zanjanrood River was not contaminated by heavy mextals. Geochemical indices (EF, Igeo, CF and PLI) were used for assessment of heavy mextals contamination in sediments. Multivariate statistical approaches including principal component analysis and correlation analysis were employed for statistical analysis of data. The results showed that in upstream stations, sediments were coarse grain in texture, and towards the end of the river became fine grain. The Organic matter and calcium carbonate content of sediments ranged from 0.04% to 0.72% and 0.18% to 1.8% respectively. Geochemical analyses of the sediments showed that chromium and cobalt had lower concentrations than concentration limits of the World Mean Sediments. Zn and Ni at some samples and copper, lead, and cadmium in all samples have concentrations above the concentration limits in the World Mean Sediments. Mean enrichment factor was calculated for the elements and showed that sediments enriched highly with lead and cadmium, moderate with Cu and Zn, and low to not enriched with nickel, chromium, strontium and cobalt. Mean geoaccumulation index of sediment samples showed that the sediment was moderately polluted by Pb and Cd while they were unpolluted by Cr, Ni, Zn,Cu, Co, and Sr. According to the mean values of contamination factor, sediments in Zanjanrood were contaminated very high with lead, considerable with cadmium, moderate with Zn, Cu, and Sr, and low with Cr, Co, and Ni. Pollution load index indicated that 67 percent of sediments in the region were polluted and 33% unpolluted. The results of multivariate statistical analyzes showed that the mextals such as chromium, cobalt, cadmium, nickel, and strontium had litogenic sources and Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd more likely had anthropogenic sources. Cadmium was originated from both litogenic and anthropogenic sources.