Abstarct: In this research, adsorption of two anionic dyes, riboflavin sodium phosphat and sunset yellow using Sugarcane bagasse (SB) and nanocomposite SB/Fe2O3 were studied using batch methods. The effects of some important physical and chemical parameters such as the initial dye concentration, sorbent dosage, exposure time, temperature effect and pH, on the sorption of selected dyes by introduced adsorbent were investigated. Optimum conditions for the removal of each dye were determined. Among the different parameters investigated, it was found that the pH of the solution has the most pronounced effect on the sorption capacity of SB and SB/Fe2O3. The experimental data were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models. Adsorption kinetic data were tasted using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order. Free energy adsorption (∆G°), enthalpy (∆H°) and entropy (∆S°), chang were cacculated to predict the nature of adsorption dyes onto adsorbentn. The results implied that SB/Fe2O3 can be used as an effective adsorbent material to remov anionic dyes from aqueous solution.