Abstarct: There are different types of ion source, one of the most important of which is Penning ion source. Due to the simplicity of design and operation, small size and low power consumption, Penning ion source have many applications in various fields such as particle accelerator, ion implantation and sputtering. In this thesis, the design, simulation and construction of cold cathode Penning ion source with axial extraction is described. First, the physical principles, structure and operation of this ion source are described. baxsed on the simulations results by CST software, the appropriate model is selected and the design and construction steps of this source are described. Ignition voltage and current extracted with changes in cathode geometry and ion source anticathode are the most important practical results obtained. Experimental results show that with the new design of the cathode and anticathode, the ignition voltage is reduced and the extracted current is increased.