Abstarct: This study aims to evaluate the technical efficiency of the Iraqi macroeconomy during the period 2005-2024 and identify the sources of inefficiency. Utilizing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology and employing both CCR (Constant Returns to Scale) and BCC (Variable Returns to Scale) models, the performance of the Iraqi economy in transforming aggregate inputs, namely labor force and physical capital, into Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the aggregate output, has been assessed. Data were extracted from the World Bank’s WDI databaxse and adjusted to constant 2015 prices. The CCR model results indicated that while the Iraqi economy exhibited a generally upward, albeit volatile, trend in efficiency, it only achieved full efficiency in a limited number of years. The comparative analysis between the CCR and BCC models revealed that a significant portion of the observed inefficiency stemmed from operating at sub-optimal scales of production, suggesting that structural and scale-related factors played a more dominant role than managerial inefficiency in explaining the overall economic performance. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness and stability of the findings against variations in inputs and outputs. Consequently, it can be concluded that enhancing the efficiency of the Iraqi economy necessitates structural reforms, strengthening of economic institutions, improved resource allocation mechanisms, and increased resilience against external shocks. These findings provide a frxamework for evidence-baxsed policymaking aimed at boosting productivity and achieving sustainable economic growth.