Abstarct: This thesis examines the impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the unemployment rate on population growth in Iraq during the period from 2004 to 2023. The main objective of the research is to analyze the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and demographic changes and to investigate whether economic changes can explain the trend of population growth. Since population growth is considered one of the important variables in economic and social development planning, identifying the factors affecting it is of particular importance for policymakers. The research method is quantitative and baxsed on time series data. To test the hypotheses and estimate short-run and long-run relationships, the ARDL model is employed. In addition, the ADF and PP tests are used to examine the stationarity of the variables. Furthermore, the Granger causality test is applied to investigate the causal relationship among the variables. The results of the study indicate that Gross Domestic Product has a positive and significant effect on population growth in Iraq, and according to the Granger causality test, GDP is considered a cause of population growth. In contrast, the unemployment rate has a negative and inhibiting effect on population growth. The findings also show that demographic changes in Iraq are significantly associated with economic conditions, particularly economic growth and labor market conditions. Therefore, an increase in GDP can lead to population growth, while an increase in unemployment can weaken this trend. These results have practical implications for economic and population policy planning for policymakers and decision-makers in Iraq.