Abstarct: Industry 4.0, as the fourth industrial revolution, has brought about fundamental changes in organizational structures, production processes, and business models by integrating advanced digital technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, cyber-physical systems, and cloud computing. These developments, while creating unique opportunities for increased productivity and innovation, also pose serious challenges for sustainable human resource management. Challenges such as employee skills gaps, fear of job loss due to automation, the need for upskilling and retraining, changes in job profiles, managing a multigenerational workforce, and maintaining work-life balance threaten social sustainability. These issues are especially acute in emerging economies such as Iraq, which face infrastructural and cultural constraints. The present study uses a mixed methodological approach to identify, analyze, and prioritize the challenges of sustainable human resource management under the influence of Industry 4.0. First, the challenges are screened and finalized through the fuzzy Delphi method by collecting expert opinions. Then, the weighting of the criteria is done using the basic criterion technique that emphasizes pairwise comparisons with a focus on consistency. Finally, the prioritization of the challenges is done with the new missed opportunity technique baxsed on the distance in the coordinate space. This technique, baxsed on the calculation of missed opportunities and polar distances, determines the degree of missed opportunity and the percentage of opportunity gained for each challenge to provide a more accurate ranking. The study is baxsed on real data from Iraqi organizations and, by focusing on practical aspects, helps human resource managers adopt appropriate strategies to overcome technological disruptions. This research strengthens social sustainability by aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, especially Goal 3 (Health and Well-being) and Goal 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). The research implementation period is 6 months and includes the stages of literature review, data collection, method implementation, analysis, and writing. The results can enrich the existing literature and provide a model for similar organizations in developing countries, where the integration of Industry 4.0 is still in its early stages.