Abstarct: The present study aimed to examine the impact of ambidextrous leadership on innovation, considering the mediating role of psychological capital and the moderating role of proactive personality. In terms of its purpose, this research is applied, and baxsed on its nature and methodology, it is descxriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study consisted of 1,500 managers and employees of the Telecommunication Infrastructure Company in Tehran province. The sample size, estimated using Cochran's formula, was determined to be 306 individuals, and a cluster random sampling method was employed. The research data were collected through a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) with SPSS 27 and SmartPLS 3 software. The findings indicated that ambidextrous leadership has a significant effect on psychological capital, and it also significantly impacts innovation. Psychological capital has a significant influence on innovation, and proactive personality significantly affects innovation as well. Moreover, psychological capital mediates the relationship between ambidextrous leadership and innovation. However, proactive personality does not play a moderating role in this relationship. The results demonstrate that psychological capital, as a mediating factor, strengthens the relationship between ambidextrous leadership and innovation, whereas proactive personality does not moderate this relationship. Therefore, the effect of ambidextrous leadership on innovation can be explained through psychological capital but is not influenced by proactive personality.