Abstarct: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of green human resource management on environmental and social performance, considering the mediating role of green organizational culture and organizational agility, as well as the moderating role of green human resource practices. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descxriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the research consisted of employees of Sina Gen and Actoverco companies, two leading companies in the Iranian pharmaceutical industry, estimated at approximately 9500 people. The sample size was determined as 370 using Morgan's table, and sampling was done through cluster random sampling from the two companies. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings of the research showed that green human resource management has a positive and significant effect on environmental and social performance. Also, both green organizational culture and organizational agility, separately and in a chain, play a mediating role in the relationship between green human resource management and environmental performance; This means that green management ultimately improves environmental performance by strengthening a green culture and agility within the organization. Furthermore, it was found that concrete green human resource practices (such as green training and rewards) moderate and intensify the relationship between macro management policies and the formation of a green organizational culture, as well as the enhancement of agility. These results indicate that to achieve superior environmental and social performance, merely adopting green policies is not enough. Rather, these policies must be transformed into practical action through institutionalization in the organizational culture and conversion into agile capabilities for responding to changes. The findings of this research are consistent with previous studies on the necessity of an integrated view of soft (cultural) and hard (practical) dimensions in green management and emphasize the importance of indirect and chain-like paths of influence.