Abstarct: Women’s entrepreneurship, as one of the key pillars of economic and social development, plays a crucial role in creating employment, fostering innovation, and improving the quality of life in societies. This study aimed to identify and analyze the factors affecting women’s entrepreneurship in Iran, focusing on women entrepreneurs in Shahroud. The statistical population consisted of 212 registered women entrepreneurs listed in the Department of Labor, Cooperatives, and Social Welfare as well as the Chamber of Guilds. Using Cochran’s formula, a sample of 137 participants was selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected via a researcher-developed questionnaire comprising eight dimensions, 30 items, and a five-point Likert scale. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient indicated satisfactory reliability. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results of hypothesis testing showed: women with higher education levels assume more entrepreneurial roles; age has an effect on women’s entrepreneurship; social events such as the death of a spouse or divorce influence women’s entrepreneurship; having prior work experience (in the public or private sector) affects women’s entrepreneurship; income fluctuations impact women’s entrepreneurship; access to financial resources (especially bank facilities) significantly influences women’s entrepreneurship; and family income level affects women’s entrepreneurship. The findings, highlighting the simultaneous importance of individual, social, and economic factors, provide the basis for practical recommendations such as designing skills-baxsed training programs, establishing credit funds with flexible guarantees, offering targeted support to women facing social events, and developing micro-entrepreneurship projects for low-income groups. The study also emphasizes the need to expand similar research geographically and diversify data collection methods to enhance generalizability.