Abstarct: Abstract Energy is one of the basic needs of human life. Production, distribution and optimal consumption of energy have always been one of the basic questions in economics and planning. Energy is one of the main factors of economic growth and development of countries. Human's ever-increasing demand for all kinds of available energy and non-renewable resources to achieve economic development has always faced an increase in environmental pollution and various diseases for human life. The aim of this study is to model the supply chain of biofuels using urban sewage waste in Iran. The period studied in this research is 1388-1397 and its simulation is considered until 1410. For this purpose, the method of system dynamics modeling and its combination with mathematical programming model has been used.The assumptions considered in this research are: with the increase in the payment of subsidies to biofuels, the price of biofuel will decrease; with the increase in the conversion rate of sewage waste into fuel, the price of biofuel will decrease; and with the increase in the price of biomass, Biomass production capacity increases The results of the simulation are the design of an optimal supply chain of urban biomass resources and also the maximization of the profit of the country's biological refineries.