Abstarct: So far, much research has been done on fertility rates in society. Some of these processes are related to economic issues, while others focus on social and cultural issues. It can be said with certainty that in any society, according to the conditions and criteria governing that society, the fertility rate may depend on many different factors. But our hypothesis in this study is whether there is economic uncertainty on the rate. Has fertility affected Iran? The statistics and information required for this research are documentary or library method and all data are collected through the World Bank website. The statistical population was studied in Iran for the period 1378-1398 and the spatial dimension of 22 provinces. Have been selected baxsed on population decline. In this study, panel data due to less alignment, more variability, higher degree of freedom, higher efficiency and also more information than time series and Cross-sectional data were used. The results of this study show that the parameters and variables of economic uncertainty that have been studied affect the fertility rate in society.