Abstarct: Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between functional movement quality (FMS) and dynamic balance (Y-Balance Test) with sports injury risk in hammer throwers. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study included 88 hammer throw athletes (48 injured, 40 non-injured), aged 18–30 years, selected through convenience sampling. Participants completed the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-UQ), and Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ). Spearman's correlation was used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05). Results: The injured group demonstrated significantly lower FMS scores (14.89 ± 2.35) compared to the non-injured group (17.90 ± 3.11), with a significant inverse correlation between FMS score and injury risk (r = 0.34, p = 0.01). A significant correlation was found between left upper extremity Y-Balance and injury risk (r = 0.29, p = 0.02). No significant correlations were observed for right upper extremity or lower extremity Y-Balance (p > 0.05). Chronic injuries accounted for 81% of all injuries; the most affected regions were the lumbar spine (29%), shoulder (19%), ankle (17%), and knee (15%). Conclusion: The FMS is a valid screening tool for identifying hammer throwers at higher risk of sports injury. Athletes scoring below 14 on the FMS should be prioritized for targeted corrective exercise programs. Periodic FMS assessment is recommended as part of standard athlete health monitoring protocols.