Abstarct: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of perceived school climate on students’ motivation to participate in physical activity, with the mediating role of perceived competence and sport enjoyment. This study was applied in terms of purpose and descxriptive–correlational in terms of method, using a structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population consisted of students in Baghdad province. Using a convenience sampling method, 300 questionnaires were distributed online, and after removing incomplete questionnaires, 260 valid questionnaires were used for the final analysis.The data collection instruments included the School Climate Perception Questionnaire developed by Bear et al. (2013) with 23 items in five dimensions, the Motivation for Participation in Physical Activity Questionnaire by Pelletier et al. (2013) with 18 items, the Perceived Competence Scale by McAuley et al. (1991) with 3 items, and the Sport Enjoyment Questionnaire. All instruments were measured on a five-point Likert scale. The face and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by experts in sport management, and their reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, which was obtained as 0.91 for perceived school climate, 0.80 for perceived competence, 0.83 for sport enjoyment, and 0.93 for participation motivation. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23 and Smart-PLS 4 software. The results indicated that perceived school climate had a positive and significant effect on students’ motivation to participate in physical activity, perceived competence, and sport enjoyment. Furthermore, perceived competence and sport enjoyment had a positive and significant effect on motivation to participate in physical activity. In addition, the findings showed that perceived school climate indirectly had a positive and significant effect on students’ motivation to participate in physical activity through the mediating roles of perceived competence and sport enjoyment. baxsed on these findings, it can be concluded that creating a positive and supportive school climate can enhance students’ motivation and participation in physical activity by strengthening their sense of competence and increasing their enjoyment of sport activities.