Abstarct: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of participation in sports activities on employees’ self-efficacy and resilience. The research method was descxriptive–correlational in nature and cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population consisted of all athlete employees in Internal Ministry of Iraq. Using a convenience sampling method, 182 individuals were selected as the research sample. Data were collected using three standardized questionnaires: the resilience questionnaire developed by Smith et al. (2008) with 6 items, the self-efficacy questionnaire by Chen et al. (2008) with 8 items, and a physical activity participation questionnaire by Sharkey (1997) with 5 items. To examine the face and content validity of the research instruments, the opinions of ten experts and professors in sport management were utilized. The reliability of the instruments was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. To test the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling with a variance-baxsed approach (PLS) was applied. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23 and Smart-PLS version 4 software. The results indicated that employees’ participation in physical activity has a direct and significant effect on both resilience and self-efficacy. Accordingly, it can be concluded that increasing employees’ participation in sports activities can strengthen their psychological resources, enhance their ability to cope with job-related pressures, and improve their confidence in their ability to perform job tasks. baxsed on these findings, it is recommended that organizations provide appropriate facilities and regular sports programs to encourage greater participation of employees in physical activities. Such initiatives can contribute not only to improving physical health but also to enhancing psychological well-being, resilience, and self-efficacy among employees.