Abstarct: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks aerobic exercise training on physical fitness factors and the relation of these factors with self-steam in sedentary girl students. Method of this study was quasi-experimental research that designed with pretest and posttest with control group. The populations were all of the students residence in the Shahrood University dormitory that from them 60 individuals sampled randomly choose and divided into control and experimental groups. Before training, the pre- test have been done for participants and after that training program was conducted for 8 weeks, 3 times a week for 60 minutes each session under the supervision of the instructor. Training program includes a 10-minute warm-up, 40-minut aerobic workout e and 10-minute recovery that with 70 to 85 percent of maximum heart rate of the subjects were conducted. At the end of 8 weeks post-test measurements were performed.then data were extracted and analyzed. To compare differences between groups in the pre- test and post- test, t-test and to compare differences between groups after exercise analysis of covariance was used. To investigate the relationship between physical fitness and self-esteem the Pearson correlation coefficient was used. Research findings indicate that aerobic training significantly improves muscle strength of back and leg, BMI and cardiorespiratory endurance of subjects. However, muscle strength of hand, flexibility and body composition change was not significant. The results showed that there was not a significant relationship between physical fitness and self-esteem. baxsed on the results, we can conclude that aerobic exercise, can recover some physical fitness factors in sedentary girl students and can be used as a training technique to improve fitness levels. But improving physical fitness As a result aerobic exercise, no significant correlation with self-esteem.