Abstarct: The present study aimed to investigate the impact of team identity on the aggression of football tennis fans in Iraq, with the mediating role of loyalty. The research method is descxriptive-correlational and applied in terms of purpose, and cross-sectional in terms of time. It was conducted as a field study using three questionnaires: the Team Identity Questionnaire by James et al. (2019), the Aggression Questionnaire by Shou et al. (2020), and the Fan Loyalty Questionnaire (Christoulis & Chryssochou, 2012). The statistical population consisted of football tennis fans in Iraq, and the sample size was estimated at 241 people according to Klein (2000), with the samples selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS software and the path analysis method (PLS-SEM). پThe results indicated a significant direct effect of team identity on fan aggression (path coefficient = 0.265, t-value = 3.234), a significant positive effect of team identity on fan loyalty (path coefficient = 0.488, t-value = 7.656), while fan loyalty had no significant direct effect on fan aggression (path coefficient = -0.050, t-value = 0.682). Moreover, the indirect effect of team identity on fan aggression through fan loyalty was not significant (path coefficient = -0.024, t-value = 0.647). These findings suggest that team identity directly influences fan aggression, and higher levels of identification and attachment to the team increase aggressive behaviors. Team identity also positively and significantly affects fan loyalty; however, loyalty does not play a meaningful mediating role in reducing aggression. This indicates that fan aggression is more influenced by emotional and situational factors, highlighting the importance of managing emotional and environmental conditions to control such behaviors.