Abstarct: Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of submaximal exercise with and without caffeine ingestion on leptin and energy intake in overweight or obese individuals. Materials and methods: This placebo-controlled randomized crossover study was conducted on 16 overweight or obese male and female volunteers aged over 18 years with a body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2. Participants were randomly assigned into two conditions: exercise with caffeine supplementation and exercise with placebo supplementation. Participants received a dose of 200 mg caffeine capsule and starch powder and then performed 30 minutes of submaximal exercise at 60% of HRR. Blood samples were collected before and after caffeine supplementation and following exercise. The data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Result: Exercise significantly increased leptin levels (p < 0.05). However, caffeine had no significant effect on leptin levels or its response to exercise (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Although caffeine affected mextabolic responses to exercise, it has no effect on appetite hormone leptin and subsequent food intake. Energy intake seemingly increases following exercise regardless of caffeine consumption, which should be considered in weight management.