Abstarct: Abstract Background: Diabetes is associated with high blood sugar and can cause central nervous system disorders. Stevia and vanadium have been shown to affect blood sugar regulation. Accordingly, the simultaneous study of endurance activity and consumption of vanadium and stevia extract on the brain tissue of diabetic rats was considered. Materials and Methods: In this study, 35 male rats (180±10 g) (6-8 weeks) after 4 weeks of high-fat diet (70 g/kg daily), were randomly divided into 7 groups: control, diabetic, diabetic+exercise, diabetic+vanadium, diabetic+exercise+vanadium, diabetic+stevia and diabetic+ exercise+stevia. To induce type1 diabetes, streptozotocin (55mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, and vanadium extract (1mg/ml) was dissolved in water daily. The endurance training program consisted of eight weeks of treadmill running, five days a week, starting at 15 minutes at 20 meters/minute and ending at 35 minutes at 30 meters/minute in the final week. Eight hours after the last training session, the rats were anesthetized by injection of ketamine (60mg/kg) and xylosine (5mg/kg). Histopathological changes in brain tissue were examined using a light microscope. In order to normalize the parametric data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and for their analysis, one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was used. Results: Body weight values in all six experimental groups compared to healthy control group (p=0.001), in vanadium group compared to vanadium+exercise (p=0.01), and in stevia+exercise group compared to stevia (p=0.04), decreased significantly. In the diabetic group, mild neuronal changes improved with exercise, stevia consumption and exercise + stevia, and mild hyperemia, with exercise, vanadium consumption, and exercise+vanadium (p=0.001). Conclusion: Eight weeks of endurance exercise, stevia and vanadium intake appear to be effective in regulating body weight as well as improving the brain damage caused by diabetes.