Abstarct: The purpose of this research was to investigate The effect of environmental physical factors and attachment to place on the motivation of elderly participation in physical activity. The method of the current research was descxriptive-correlative in nature and cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population of the research was all the active elderly people of Shahrood city, and 331 people were selected as a sample using available sampling method. The research tool was 3 standard questionnaires of physical-environmental factors by Hataminejad et al. (2018), attachment to a place by Kyle et al. (2005), motivation to participate in physical activity by Desi and Ryan (2004). Structural equations with variance-oriented approach were used to check the research hypotheses. It should be noted that SPSS23 and Smart-PLS 3.2.8 software were used for data analysis in the present study. Physical-environmental factors directly and positively affect attachment to a place. Also, attachment to a place has a positive and significant effect on the motivation to participate in physical activity of the elderly. Physical factors have no significant effect on the motivation of sports participation. Also, place attachment plays a mediating role in the relationship between physical-environmental factors and the motivation to participate in physical activity. Therefore, paying special attention to the design of urban and sports spaces and physical and environmental components will lead to a change in the sense of attachment to the place as well as the motivation to participate in physical activity.