Abstarct: Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Glycemic Control and Measures of Blood Flow in Superficial Femoral Artery in Type-2 Diabetic Men with Peripheral Neuropathy Abstract Background and Objectives: Peripheral neuropathy is one of the common diabetic micro-vascular complications and the leading cause of foot ulcer, amputation and poor quality of life in diabetics. mextabolic and vascular factors are the underlying causes of peripheral neuropathy development. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on glycemic control and measures of blood flow in superficial femoral artery in type-2 diabetic men with peripheral neuropathy. Materials and Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 30 men with type 2 diabetes and diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy using MDNS score, were randomly assigned into two groups (15 per each) including aerobic training (53.10±4.1 yrs, 86.7±9.08 kg) and control (52.2±9.5 yrs, 88.5±8.6 kg). Training regimen consisted of 20 to 45minutes ergometer exercise with 50 to 70 percent of heart rate reserve with the frequency of 3 sessions per week lasting for 12 weeks. Before and 48h following the experimental period, body composition measurements, blood sampling and MDNS assessment and Doppler sonography analysis were performed. The data were analyzed using the statistical tests of Shapiro-Wilk, Independent t-test. Repeated measure analysis of variance and multiple regression at significance level of P<0.05. Results: Data analysis showed that fasting glucose and HbA1C levels significantly decreased in the experimental group (P<0.05). Moreover, FMD significantly increased in the experimental group from %3.19±1.81 to %5.58±1.18 (P<0.05). Heart rate and time to peak diameter also decreased significantly in the experimental group (P<0.05). However, no significant changes were observed for diameter, intima media thickness and shear rate (P>0.05). MDNS score in the experimental group decreased and reached statistical significance (P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that the changes in FMD and HbA1c by exercise can predict %59 of the changes in MDNS after the exercise intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion: baxsed on the results of the present study, it could be concluded that 12 weeks aerobic training could have favorable effect on glucose control and vascular measures in type-2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. However, this short-term exercise intervention seemed to have no remarkable effect of vascular structure. Moreover, it seems that changes in MDNS variance following exercise intervention is to some extent caused by changes in FMD and HbA1c variances; however, due to the small samples size, it needs to be confirmed in the future studies. Aerobic training my have the potential to hinder DPN development but given the short duration of the present study and very few evidence in this regard, findings need to be validated in future studies.