Abstarct: Among conventional geophysical methods, ground-penetrating radar method (GPR) is capable of detecting heterogeneity in the subsurface and identifying different types of buried objects at shallow subsurface. In this regard, modeling of GPR data is significant in ordet to interpret the data and identify these subsurface objects. The aim of this thesis is to make the forward and inverse modeling of GPR data and investigate the results in various case studies. Due to the fact that any method of inverse modeling needs a forward modeling program as its basic core, before performing inverse modeling, an attempt has been made to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each of the software packages available for forward modeling. Thus, in this research, capability, efficiency and speed calculation of each of the software packages for different earth models has been tested. Then, baxsed on the nature and physical and geometric properties of the subsurface targets in the field data, their synthetic models have been built, and their two-dimensional GPR responses forward modeling using different software packages have been obtained and compared together. The purpose of inversion is to specify an earth model that best explain our observations. In this research, it has been tried to carry out inverse modeling on GPR field data to interpret and detect the buried targets. Therefore, to achieve this objective, we have used an effective algorithm, in which coding has been made in GUI environment of MATLAB programming software, and as a result, reliable and accurate inverse modeling has been carried out. In the present study, to simulate the behavior of the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves in GPR method, two-dimensional finite difference method has been used. The main advantage of this method is its comparative simplicity of the concept, high accuracy and simple implementation for complex and arbitrary models as well as easily adjusting the antenna when applied. In this study, aquisition of GPR field data and synthetic data modeling have been made in TM mode. The radargrams of the GPR data have been demonstrated using Reflexw software after performing necessary processing on the data. The results indicate high errors in inverse modeling of GPR data. The causes can be attributed to various limitations existing in all forward modeling algorithms and software packages, and also, the impossibility of making forward modeling exactly according to the real models (due to the complexity nature of the ground), taking into account the homogeneity and uniform host environment and targets in the modeling process unlike the diversity and complexity of the real buried targets and different values of the electrical properties of the ground as well as the presence of different types of noises and other factors influencing the real earth models.