Abstarct: Productivity is defined as the ratio between production efficiency and the amount of resources consumed. Privatization is used as part of structural reform programs in order to improve the efficiency of the micro-economy and the growth of the macro-economy. This research has investigated the effect of private and state ownership on the production efficiency of Iran's mines. Using statistical software and Bayesian and GMM methods, the effect of ownership on production productivity and various factors such as capital, total number of personnel, sales, wages, education, production risk, mineral prices, and profit rates have been investigated. Spss and Eviews statistical software were used to analyze the data of this research. The results of the research show that private ownership, unlike state ownership, has had a positive and significant impact on the productivity of Iran's mines. Private mines have experienced higher productivity due to more efficient management, more efficient use of resources, and greater financial incentives. These findings are consistent with previous research and emphasize that private management is more effective for improving mine production productivity. The thesis concludes that privately-owned mines have higher efficiency and productivity than state-owned mines, and this issue can help policymakers in future decisions about privatization and economic development.