TK972 : Synchronization of cardiac SA and AV nodes using optimal pulse stimulator
Thesis > Central Library of Shahrood University > Electrical Engineering > MSc > 2023
Authors:
Zahra Asghari [Author], Hossein Gholizade-Narm[Supervisor]
Abstarct: Heart disease can be considered one of the most important and common causes of death in the world. Cardiac arrhythmia is one of the types of diseases of this vital organ that can lead to severe and dangerous death. The heart rate generating area is called "Sino-Atrial Node" (SA Node), which is located in the highest part of the right atrium. The generated pulse first enters the right and left atrium muscles and contracts them so that the blood in the atria enters the ventricles. The electrical power then enters the "Atrio-Ventricular Node" (AV Node), which is located between the atria and the ventricles, and then enters the ventricles through an electrical cable called the "Bundle of Hayes". At the beginning of entering the ventricles, the bundle of Hiss is divided into two smaller bundles called "right bundle" and "left bundle", the first one enters the right ventricle and the second one enters the left ventricle and simultaneously divides the right ventricle and the left ventricle. they contract The heart rate of an adult at rest is between 60 and 100 times per minute. Of course, the heart rate varies from person to person. Even in one person, it is not the same at different hours of the day and night. Because the number of heartbeats is affected by many factors, each of which can increase or decrease the number of heartbeats and cause different arrhythmias. Also, a specific arrhythmia occurs due to the lack of synchronization of the pacemakers of the heart. Especially about Mobitz's arrhythmia1, which can be caused by the non-simultaneity of the pacemakers of the sinus-atrial (SA) and atrio-ventricular (AV) nodes. Therefore, synchronizing these two nodes is very important, for this purpose pulse stimulation with limited amplitude should be applied at the right time. The control method is that one pulse term is added to the van der Paul equations of two nodes SA and AV, and by designing the amplitude and width of this pulse, the synchronization of two nodes is obtained. In this regard, this method is baxsed on genetic optimization in order to achieve the optimal value of the amplitude and the appropriate time of applying the pulse, so that the cost function of the genetic algorithm, the phase difference of two nodes and its decision variables, respectively, the amplitude and time and the area of the pulse are applied that the simulation results of MATLAB software show that the optimal state of the pulse area can be the result of the previous two states.
Keywords:
#optimal pulsatile stimulation #van der Pol equation #modeling of heart pacemakers #synchronization of SA and AV nodes. Keeping place: Central Library of Shahrood University
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