Abstarct: Atmospheric dust is considered one of the main environmental challenges in urban areas, significantly impacting human health and environmental quality. This research examines the characteristics and sources of atmospheric dust in Shahroud by analyzing chemical elements, investigating magnetic properties, and utilizing the HYSPLIT model. Dust samples were collected monthly over one year from six stations across different locations in Shahroud, using samplers installed at a height of4 to5 meters above ground level. The magnetic properties were analyzed using a VSM device, chemical element analysis was performed with ICP-MS, the amount of organic and carbon content in the dust was determined using an electric furnace, and the particle size was observed and measured using FESEM. Furthermore, air trajectory simulations and pollution transport and dispersion were identified using the HYSPLIT model. The concentrations of chemical elements such as Ag, As, B, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Lu, Mn, Mo, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn were found to be higher than the Upper Continental Crust (UCC) levels, indicating an anthropogenic origin. The results of statistical analyses, including correlation, PCA, and dendrogram analyses, showed that the sources of dust pollution in Shahroud could be categorized into three main groups: natural sources, industrial and mining activities, and traffic. The magnetic saturation of the samples was classified among the elements of natural or geochemical origin, indicating the reliability of this parameter in identifying and evaluating atmospheric dust. The findings showed no significant differences in the magnetic saturation parameter of atmospheric particles across different months and stations, except for the railway station, which exhibited significantly higher magnetic saturation than the green space station. Additionally, the gas station and railway station had the highest organic and carbon content compared to other stations. The main pollution sources were traced to the east and northeast, with a lesser influence from the west of Shahroud, indicating that the polluting factors originated from northern Turkmenistan and the Caspian Sea region. Other measured parameters, such as the enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, and pollution index, revealed that elements like Cd, Zn, S, Sb, As, Sn, and Cu posed the highest risks to human health. Through a comprehensive analysis combining magnetic properties, physical and chemical characteristics of dust, and HYSPLIT modeling, we achieved a deeper and broader understanding of the origin and composition of atmospheric dust in Shahroud.