Abstarct: Abstract Energy piles serve as load-bearing foundations that facilitate sustainable heat exchange with shallow geothermal energy by integrating geothermal heat exchangers (GHEs). Nonetheless, the thermal behavior of energy piles introduces the potential for expansion and contraction, which can impact the interaction between the pile and the surrounding soil. Investigating the thermomechanical response and bearing capacity of energy piles under cooling and different end-support conditions remains an area that requires extensive research. To address this, six tests were performed on a concrete energy pile using 1g physical modeling in dry sand with a relative density of 48%. The tests were conducted on semi-floating energy piles (SFPs) and end-bearing energy piles (EBPs) under monotonic cooling while varying the average pile temperatures. The bearing capacity alterations of the pile were calculated by determining the maximum thermomechanical force generated in each test. The investigation results revealed that the bearing capacity of SFP was more significantly affected by a temperature decrease than EBP. Specifically, under identical mechanical loading conditions, the maximum reduction of the bearing capacity of SFP and EBP was found to be 13.4% and 5.5%, respectively. This phenomenon can be attributed to the distinction in load transfer mechanisms between the two foundation types, where a decrease in frictional shaft resistance had a more noticeable impact on reducing the bearing capacity of SFP compared to EBP. A comparative analysis was also conducted among settlement, axial stresses, and mobilized shaft friction values induced by various loading types.