Abstarct: Water scarcity significantly reduces grain yield in legumes, primarily due to the detrimental effects on the number of pods per plant. Melatonin and 24-epibrassinolide are known for their hormonal properties, which improve plant tolerance to environmental stress factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of melatonin (0, 100, and 200 μM) and 24-epibrassinolide (0, 3, and 6 μM) on the growth, biochemical, physiological, and quality characteristics of chickpea under two irrigation regimes (7 and 14-day intervals). The experiment was conducted as a split-plot factorial design within a randomized complete block design, with three replications at the Agriculture Faculty of Shahrood University of Technology during two growing seasons (2019-2020 and 2020-2021). The results showed that water deficit conditions significantly reduced morphological traits, yield, yield components, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, oil yield, and seed oil percentage. Under drought conditions, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, total soluble protein content, malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage index, hydrogen peroxide, proline, flavonoids, phenols, soluble sugar, and seed protein content increased. The simultaneous application of 6 μM 24-epibrassinolide and 200 μM melatonin significantly increased traits such as the number of main branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, 100-pod weight, and grain yield by 46%, 32%, 32%, 19%, 21%, and 44%, respectively, compared to the absence of these two stimulants. Moreover, this treatment reduced MDA content and electrolyte leakage by 38% and 34%, respectively. The application of 3 μM 24-epibrassinolide and 200 μM melatonin in the first year led to a 76% and 88% increase in oil yield and seed protein yield, respectively, compared to the control, while in the second year, these increases were 89% and 51%, respectively. The findings of this research indicate that foliar application of melatonin and 24-epibrassinolide synergistically regulates and improves plant growth responses, photosynthetic efficiency, osmotic protective compound accumulation, antioxidant defense systems, and maintains the balance of reactive oxygen species, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of water scarcity in chickpea. These combined effects ultimately resulted in increased chickpea grain yield under water deficit conditions.