Abstarct: The introduction of mextallic pollutant elements following the leakage of petroleum compounds into the environment during crude oil extraction, transportation and refining operations in oil-rich countries has always been one of the serious concerns of experts. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the possibility of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contamination of the soil and the rice crop grown in a part of the lands of Miankooh region, located in Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari province, due to crude oil leakage into the soil from oil transmission pipes. For this purpose, 30 soil samples and 30 corresponding rice plant samples were collected and soil total Pb and Cd concentration and rice grains content of these elements were measured. The results showed that the average total concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in rice-cultivated lands in Miankoh region was equal to 10.44 percent of the soil weight, which undoubtedly indicated that the soils of the region are contaminated with petroleum compounds. Moreover, the average total lead concentration in the soil was equal to 57.83 mg/kg, and the lead concentration exceeded the soil pollution threshold (75 mg/kg) in 9 samples out of the total of 30 investigated points. Similarly, the average total soil cadmium concentration was equal to 4.68 mg/kg and in 16 samples out of 30 sampling sites, it exceeded the soil pollution threshold (5 mg/kg). The concentration of both Pb and Cd in the grain of 14 rice samples out of a total of 30 samples harvested from the region exceeded the permissible limit (0.2 mg/kg), and as a result, the rice product was classified as contaminated. According to these results, it seems that without taking a serious solution to repair and renovate the oil pipelines upstream of agricultural lands, the environmental disaster of contamination of the entire soil of the region with various kinds of heavy mextals is very likely in the near future.