Abstarct: In order to studythe effect of Thiobacillus bacteria and sulfur levels on qualitative and quantitative yield of sesame and mung bean baxsed on replacement intercropping pattern, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design was performed in three replications in two experimental farms in Karaj city (province) Alborz) and Shahriyar city (Tehran province) in the year 2017-2018. Experimental factors were: planting ratio in 5 levels including 1- pure sesame cultivation, 2- pure mung bean cultivation, 3- 75% sesame + 25% mung bean (3: 1), 4- 50% sesame + 50% mung bean (1: 1) and 5- 25% sesame + 75% mung bean (1: 3); Sulfur fertilizer at three levels (including no-use control (S0), 50% recommended amount (S1) and 100% recommended amount (S2)); Thiobacillus was considered at two levels including (no inoculation (T0) and inoculation with bacteria (T1)). Agronomic, physiological, growth, mixed, and weeds characteristics were estimated in this experiment. The main effect of location on total sesame chlorophyll, total Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), and Relative Crowding Coefficient (RCC) was significant and the highest amount of these indices was observed in the Shahriar region. The main effect of treatment (intercropping) of planting ratio on chlorophyll b and total sesame, sesame carotenoids, palmitic acid, growth indices of both plants, LER mung bean, Actual Yield Loss of mung bean (AYL), Absolute Competition Index of mung bean (ACI), Relative Competition Index of mung bean (RCI), Intercropping Advantage of mung bean (IA), weed uniformity index and the Menhinick richness index and Margalef richness index became significant. The highest value of sesame indices was observed from 75% sesame + 25% mung bean planting ratio. Furthermore, the highest value of mung bean plant traits was observed from pure cultivation. The main effects of sulfur on chlorophyll a and whole sesame, mung bean carotenoids, protein and sesame oil content (%), oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid, and growth indices of both plants were significant. The superior treatment was 100% of the recommended sulfur content (300 Kg/ha). The main effect of Thiobacillus on capsule plant and seed in sesame capsule, mung bean seed yield, biological yield of sesame and mung bean, mung bean harvest index, plant height in both plants, the content of chlorophyll a in both plants, total chlorophyll in sesame, the content oil of protein in sesame (%) and Oleic, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid in sesame, dry weight accumulation and crop growth rate in both plants were statistically significant. The highest value of the mentioned indices was observed in the bacterial inoculation treatment. Effect of planting ratio and sulfur interactions on traits: number of capsules per plant, 1000 sesame seed weight, sesame seed yield, sesame harvest index, sesame protein and oil yield, sesame LER and total LER, sesame AYL, Relative Yield Total (RYT), ACI and RCI sesame, RCC, Aggressivity of sesame and mung bean (AG), System Productivity Index (SPI), weed dry matter, weed density, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index, Brillouin diversity index, Simpson dominance index, and species richness index were significant. The interaction effect of planting ratio and Thiobacillus on sesame seed yield, sesame harvest index, sesame protein and oil yield, sesame ACI, weed dry matter, and weed density was significant. The interaction of sulfur and Thiobacillus caused significant 1000-mung bean seed weight, sesame seed yield, sesame harvest index, total mung bean chlorophyll, mung bean protein percentage and yield, sesame oil yield, linolenic acid, and SPI. Effect of location interaction and planting ratio caused significant traits: capsule per plant, seed per capsule, 1000-seed weight of both plants, plant height in both plants, chlorophyll-a sesame, mung bean carotenoid, mung bean protein percentage, protein yield and sesame oil, oleic, linoleic, stearic, linolenic acid, sesame and whole AYL, Area Time Equivalent Ratio (ATER), Land Use Efficiency (LUE), ACI sesame, AG and Competitive Ratio (CR) of sesame and mung bean, IA sesame and whole. The dual effect of location and sulfur on the number of seeds per capsule, 1000-seed weight of mung bean, grain yield and biological of sesame, mung bean height, the yield of sesame protein, stearic acid, sesame LER, sesame and mung bean AG and SPI were significant. The interaction of location and Thiobacillus was significant only on the LUE index. The triple effect of location × planting ratio × sulfur on the number of seeds per pod and pod per plant, grain yield and biological of mung bean, mung bean harvest index, chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll and also the content of protein yield in mung bean were significant. The triple effect of location × planting ratio × Thiobacillus caused significant increase a number of pods per plant, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in mung bean. The triple effect of location × sulfur × Thiobacillus also caused significant increase traits: pod in the plant, 1000-seed weight of sesame, AYL sesame and whole, RYT, ACI and RCI of sesame, and IA of sesame and whole. In general, the results of this experiment revealed that the highest quantitative and qualitative yield of sesame plants was obtained from mixed cultivation with a planting ratio of 75% sesame + 25% mung bean. Although the grain and biological yield of mung bean in pure cultivation were higher than mixed, mixed indicators such as land parity ratio indicate showed higher the ecological and economic value of mixed cultivation than pure cultivation. It can also be concluded that the nutritional effect of the combined application of sulfur and Thiobacillus will improve the morphophysiological, agronomic, and growth characteristics of sesame and mung bean plants.