Abstarct: This research was conducted in order to investigate the pollution, origin and assessment of health risk caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface soil of Nakhle-Taghi Township. Surface soil samples were collected from 15 sampling stations. The concentration of 16 important PAHs along with physicochemical parameters including pH, organic carbon, calcium carbonate and cation exchange capacity were measured in the laboratory. Compared to the values of soil pollution standards, most stations are classified in the highly polluted soil category. Investigating the isomeric ratios of cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reveals that the majority of stations in Nakhle-Taghi are from pyrogenic origin (combustion). In a few stations, petrogenic origin is obvious. The results of the principal components analysis show that the Pyrene, Benzo (k) fluoranthene, Fluorene, Chrysene and Benzo (a) pyrene in the first component indicates the combustion of diesel and gasoline as main source. The second component includes of Acenaphthene, Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene, Dibenz[a,h]anthracene, Benzo(a) anthracene and Benzo(g,h,i) perylene, whose origin can be attributed to pyrogenic sources and combustion of fossil fuels (gasoline, oil and diesel). Compounds such as Acenaphthylene, Fluoranthene and Phenanthrene, which are included in the third component, are the result of burning coal. The fourth component includes Anthracene and Benzo(b) fluoranthene along with organic compounds that indicate the burning of biomass (wood). The average of most PAHs in all soil sampling stations from Nakhle-Taghi was lower than ERL values, which shows that ecological effects caused by PAHs rarely occur in the studied area. In all the stations of Nakhle-Taghi, the risk of cancer incidence through the inhalation of hydrocarbon compounds does not threaten the two age groups of children and adults. There is a potential carcinogenic risk due to ingestion for adults and children at some stations. The risk of carcinogenesis through swallowing is higher in children due to playing with soil and hand-to-mouth contact. In two groups of adults and children, there is a risk of carcinogenesis due to skin contact. baxsed on total carcinogenic risk (TCR), a difference was found between the carcinogenic risk potential for children and adults. The total ILCR value in S10 and S11 stations is between 10-4 and 10-6 posing a potential high risk health. Key Words: