Abstarct: Irankuh mine is the third largest lead and zinc mine in Iran. The ore is concentrated by flotation in the processing plant and the produced tailings are disposed around the mine. In order to evaluate the bioaccessibility of Pb as a potentially toxic element in contaminated soils around the Irankuh Pb-Zn mine, 20 topsoil samples were collected and an in vitro method was applied. Physicochemical pharameters including pH, organic matter, carbonate content, and cation exchange capacity were determined using standard methods. Total concentration of Pb was measured by ICP-OES after a strong acid digestion of soils. The bioaccessibility and speciation of Pb were measured using in vitro and sequential extraction analyses respectively. The obtained data were analyzed using health risk assessment methods (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks) and geochemical indices. The average values of pH, organic matter (%), carbonate (%) and cation exchange capacity (meq/100g) were 7.5, 2, 25.4 and 15.1, respectively. The maximum total concentration of Pb (2869 mg / kg) was detected in the sample collected in the vicinity of the tailings impoundments. The results of sequential extraction analysis showed that Pb was mainly associated with Fe–Mn oxide fraction. According to the results of in vitro experiments, the bioaccessibility of Pb varied significantly (between 0.24 and 264 mg/kg, equivalent to 0.2-45.4% of total concentration) which is probably due to differences in the geochemical properties of soil (i.e. pH and organic matter content) as well as the source of the element. The assessment of non-carcinogenic risk of Pb showed that for all three pathways of digestion, dermal contact and inhalation, the Hazard Quotient (HQ) for children was higher than adults. Also, the Hazard Quotient for the digestion pathway was higher than the inhalation and dermal contact routes. The non-carcinogenic risk was also higher in samples collected in the vicinity of tailings impoundments and smelting plant. The results of carcinogenic risk assessment indicated that there was no carcinogenic risk through dermal contact and inhalation routes, however calculating the carcinogenic risk for the digestion pathway using both total and bioaccessibile data indicated that there was a probable carcinogenic risk for residents living in the vicinity of tailings impoundments, waste rock piles and smelting plant. baxsed on the obtained results, in the study area, taking the management measures is necessary in order to remediate the polluted soils of the area. Indeed, it is necessary to control the input of pollutants through mining activity, especially via tailings which dispose off improperly around the mine.