QE325 : Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of iron oxides-gold-copper mineralization in The Kavand area, West-South west of Zanjan
Thesis > Central Library of Shahrood University > Geosciences > MSc > 2017
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Abstarct: Kavand ore deposit is located in 35 km southwest of Zanjan and the Soltanieh subzone. The Kahar, Doran granite, Bainder, Soltanieh, Barute, Zaygon and Lalun Formations with late Precambrian - Early Cambrian age outcropped in this area. There is small bodies of gabbro and ferrogabbro within Kahar, Soltanieh and Barute Formations. This Formations host iron oxides, gold and copper, but mineralization is concentrated in the lower part of dolomite of Soltanieh F. The dolomites are cold water dolomicrites, and baxsed on the Ca/Mg ratio and Na and Sr values lie in the late Precambrian- early Cambrian age. Granites are related to the late Precambrian and their parent rocks are mextagraywacke, while the gabbro and ferrogabbro are post Oligocene and their parent rocks are amphibolite. Mineralization in the Kavand region dividing: iron oxides (mainly oligiste), iron oxide - quartz - barite, iron oxide - quartz - barite - gold and iron oxide - quartz - gold – copper types. The primary ore mineral including pyrite, chalcopyrite, gold, hematite, oligiste and secondary types are chalcocite, azurite, malachite, goethite and limonite. Quartz, barite, calcite, dolomite, chlorite and sericite are gangue minerals. In this area are observed silicice, iron oxide, argillic, sericitic, carbonate, chloritic and epidotic alterations. The main structure of mineralization are lenticular, breccia, vein-veinlets and carbonate-open spaces filling, and ore textures are breccia, vein-veinlets, disseminated, colloform, relic, frontal, spherulitic and replacement. baxsed on ore geochemical data, the contents of Fe, Au and Cu are high, and the maximum amounts of Fe, Au and Cu in the ore samples are 28.47%, 14.67 ppm, 12.83%, respectively. Multivariate statistical analyses display that high correlation of Au with Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Zn, Sb, S, Ba and Mn. There is a negative correlation between Au and Fe in factor analysis results, while field observations and microprobe analysis show that association of gold whit goethite and hematite. The reason for the negative correlation of Au and Fe is that the main iron mineralization is as oligiste. The value of Au is very low in oligiste mineral, but huge occurrences of oligiste effect the results of multivariate analyses and Fe is prevail in component 1 without Au. The chemical analysis of minerals by electron microprobe method coincide whit optical mineralogy, and among goethite, oxidized pyrite and Fe, Cu and As-bearing hydroxides have the highest Au content. Chemical analysis of gold grains from pan-concentrated stream sediments indicate that Au and Ag values are considerable in gold grains composition. The Comparison of gold composition with those of various types gold mineralization demonstrate similarity of Kavand gold with epithermal system. Fluid inclusions studies on quartz and calcite display that average temperature of 274.84 and 21.28 ◦C, and average salinity 3.67 and 0.76 wt% NaCl, respectively. Because of calcite is a late hydrothermal mineral relative to quartz, hence density, pressure and depth of ore-forming fluids are estimated baxsed on the temperature and salinity of quartz fluid inclusions. The ore-bearing fluid density is less than 1 (0.5-1), pressure less than 200 atmospheres and depth of mineralization is about 700 meters. Gold and associated elements mineralization in the Kavand and adjacent areas in the Takab-Zanjan region controlled by stratigraphy, structure and intrusive bodies. In this regard, the role of late Precambrian volcanic-sedimentary Formations, Tertiary granitoides rocks and faults with NW-SE trend are prominent. Comparing the characteristics of study area with various types gold mineralization in Iran and world demonstrate the most similarity and proximity of Kavand ore mineralization whit sedimentary rock (carbonate)-hosted epithermal system.
Keywords:
#gold #iron oxide #carbonate rock-hosted #epithermal #Kavand #Zanjan
Keeping place: Central Library of Shahrood University
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Keeping place: Central Library of Shahrood University
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