Abstarct: In this research, fluoride removal was investigated using hydroxyapatite-MIL-101(Al) composite. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized via chemical co-precipitation, and the composite with MIL-101(Al) was subsequently synthesized through a hydrothermal method. Characterization of the resulting composite was done using various techniques, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The study examined the impact of solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial fluoride concentration, and temperature on the removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of the composite. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) determined by the Langmuir isotherm was 76.34 mg/g at 298.15 K, pH 5.9, with an initial fluoride concentration of 10.00 mg/L and an adsorbent dosage of 25.0 mg. The experimental data were analyzed using isotherm models such as Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin-Kaganer-Radushkevich (DKR). The highest correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9979) was obtained for the Langmuir isotherm, indicating the adsorption process follows this model. Kinetic data were analyzed using models including pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion. The pseudo-second-order model, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998, best described the adsorption kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0, ΔS0, ΔG0) indicated that the adsorption process is endothermic, spontaneous, and associated with increased disorder. The hydroxyapatite-MIL-101(Al) composite demonstrated high adsorption capacity and good removal efficiency, making it a suitable and efficient adsorbent for water treatment applications. ‌