Abstarct: There are different types of ion source, one of the most important of which is Penning ion source. In this project, our goal is selecting the appropriate geometry of the ion extraction system that can obtain the beam with the highest current and the best emission intensity, and achieveing this goal requires the design, simulation and construction of the Penning ion source extraction system. This thesis describes the design, simulation and fabrication of a cold cathode ion source extraction system with axial extraction. First, the physical principles, structure and performance of the extraction system are described and then, baxsed on the simulations performed by CST software, the appropriate model is selected and the design and construction steps of the extraction system are described. Experimental results show that with the new design of the extraction and deceleration electrode, the extracted current is increased.