Abstarct: The overall aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among of female athletes and non-athletes in Shahrood University students. . In this study, 360 students, 180 athletes (mean age: 22/37 ± 4/64 and 180 non-athletes (mean age: 35/21 ± 2/2) as selective subjects participated and completed the questionnaires for primary dysmenorrhea and Sports History and intensity of pain scale(Ruler inserted VAS). Data using descxriptive and presumption statistical tests(Chi-square test,U Mann- Whitney and T Independent) at a significance level of 0/05 were analyzed. Statistical testing showed that the difference incidence of dysmenorrhea in athletes and non-athletes (39/85%, respectively, and 44/19%), was not statistically significant. Age at menarche in athletes was significantly higher than non-athletes (respectively 13/9± 1/87 and 13/43± 1/63). In order menstrual cycles (duration of one cycle to another cycle that is 28 ± 7 days), there was a significant difference between athletes and non-athletes and the irregularity rate was higher in the group of athletes. (Respectively, 27/49, 17/69). Results of this study showed that the use of low calorie diets in athletes was higher than non-athletes((Respectively, 16/11, 7/77). Another result of this study, indicating that athletes compared to non-athlete group used less NSAID and pain relief drugs from dysmenorrhea.( Respectively 35/57,53/33). Finally, both groups of athletes and non-athlete in terms of impact of the duration and intensity of exercise on menstrual disorders were studied. The results showed an increase in the duration and intensity of exercise in the athlete does not have any effect on the amount of menstrual disorders. baxsed on the results obtained and slight differences in the incidence of pain between the two groups, however, it is necessary to have more attention to student's exercise in other disciplines.