Abstarct: The purpose of this study is to investigate the total concentration of the potentially toxic elements in the agricultural soils of Aleshtar plain, Lorestan province, and to assess the health risk imposed by toxic elements. For this purpose, 18 top-soil samples (up to 20 cm depth) were collected from the agricultural fields. The physico-chemical properties (including pH, organic matter, calcium carbonate and texture) and the total concentration of major and trace elements in the samples were measured using standard methods. The pH of the samples varies between 6.9 and 7.5% (average value of 6%). The amount of organic matter varies in the range of 2.7-9.3% (average value of 6%). The calcium carbonate amount of the studied soils is in the range of 5 to 39% (average value 6%). According to the results of the XRD analysis, illite, chlorite and clinochlore are the most important clay minerals in the soil samples. baxsed on the total concentration values, the average concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb, As, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Ag, Sc and Sb in the studied soils are 0.3, 117.9, 18.4, 9.6, 84.4, 37.0, 19.7, 155.7, 0.4, 4.1 and 13.5 mg/kg, respectively. The calculation of the geochemical indices (enrichment factor, geomagnetic factor, single factor pollution index, Nemerow integrated pollution index, combined pollution index, pollution load index, potential ecological risk index) indicates that the studied soils are significantly contaminated with Sb and As. Health risk assessment indicates that the hazard quotient for As via ingestion pathway for children is higher than 1; therefore, there are adverse non-carcinogenic health effects of arsenic for this age group. The results show that there is a carcinogenic risk imposed by arsenic via ingestion pathway for both adult and children age groups. Cr is carcinogenic for children via dermal contact and ingestion; whereas it is carcinogenic for adults through ingestion. The intake of Ni via ingestion by adults and via dermal contact by children can be associated with carcinogenic risk. The results indicated that Cd is carcinogenic for children through the ingestion route. The obtained results in this study show that the agricultural activity has considerably increased the concentration of potentially toxic elements in the Aleshtar agricultural soils. Regarding the probable negative effects of mextal accumulation on public health status, the management of agricultural practice in the study area is of crucial importance.