Abstarct: Abstract The purpose of this research was the effect of crowding and perceived risk on women's participation in leisure sports activities in the conditions of the covid-19 epidemic. Therefore, the number of 200 including demographic information, Sharkley sports participation questionnaire and perceived crowding standard questionnaire were completed and collected by women participating in leisure sports activities in Sari city in 2021. In order to analyze the data, descxriptive statistics methods (calculation of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and variance-oriented structural equation modeling were used. In addition, SPSS version 24 software was used and Smart pls software was used to model structural equations. The results showed: Perceived congestion directly and negatively affects women's participation and explains 53.7% of the changes in women's participation. Perceived crowding directly and positively affects women's perceived risk and explains 71% of changes in women's perceived risk. Perceived risk directly and negatively affects women's participation and explains 30.3% of the changes in women's participation. Perceived risk has been able to play a mediating role between perceived crowding and women's participation. And finally, according to the results of the Sobel test, it was shown that 28.5% of the perceived crowding is explained by the indirect and mediating variable of perceived risk on the participation of women. Also, in explaining the desirability of the general model of structural equations, the results showed that obtaining a value of 0.615% for the GOF criterion confirms the very appropriate fit of the general research model.